● On view now — Gallery 239
Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago · verified July 2026
FROM THE ART INSTITUTE OF CHICAGO’S CATALOG
Chivalry—with its connotation of the knightly ideal—was intimately connected with the horse (cheval in French). A knight took care to protect his mount, on which he was dependent for the mobility and speed required in both attack and retreat. In Roman times, some heavy cavalry used armor made of iron or bronze scales to protect their horses. From the twelth century on, knights covered their steeds in bands of iron mail (a network of interlocking rings). By the fifteenth century, full-plate armors were not uncommon. This shaffron, or headpiece, is etched in gilt bands with decoration on a finely dotted ground. Riveted between the eyes is an elongated conical spike, perhaps inspired by the horn of the mythical unicorn. A manifestation of great power and wealth, the shaffron has been valued for centuries as an object of beauty, not just as a tool of warfare and sport.
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Southern German, Nuremberg — Shaffron
Italian; Milan — Demi Shaffron of an Infantry Garniture
French — Gorget
European — Pair of Tassets
German, Brunswick — Backplate with Associated Culet of One L
Northern Italian — Breastplate
Christian Spor — Peytral from a horse armor of Georg von Wol
Italian — Breastplate
Austrian, Innsbruck — Tournament Helm (Stechhelm)
Italian — Poll Plate of a Shaffron
Italian; Milan — Cuirass from an Armor of Tsar Dmitry I
Southern German, Augsburg — Peytral and Lower Neck Defense o