Francisco José de Goya y Lucientes

Of what ill will he die?, plate 40 from Los Caprichos

1797–98, published 1799
Etching and aquatint in brown on ivory laid paper
18.5 × 13.1 cm (7.3 × 5.2 in)

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In the collection of Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago · as of July 2026

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FROM THE ART INSTITUTE OF CHICAGO’S CATALOG

One of Goya’s best-known publications, Los Caprichos is an album of 80 whimsical prints that carry a biting critique of society’s foolishness. In the absurd scenario seen here, the artist ridicules the medical profession by depicting a doctor as a jackass. It is unclear whether the patient is dying from an illness or from the ignorant physician’s administrations. Goya originally conceived the project as a series of dreams. On an early draft of the frontispiece, now in the collection of Museo del Prado in Madrid, he wrote, “The author dreaming. His only intention is to banish harmful beliefs commonly held and to perpetuate with this work of caprices the solid testimony of truth.”

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