● On view now — Gallery 222
Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago · verified July 2026
FROM THE ART INSTITUTE OF CHICAGO’S CATALOG
Along with Beggar with a Duffle Coat , Beggar with Oysters formed part of a series of four paintings collectively called The Philosophers . The title refers to traditional representations of the ancient stoic philosophers, whose poverty was associated with wisdom. The anonymous men in these paintings would have been recognizable to Édouard Manet’s contemporary audience as urban types—social outcasts populating the streets of Paris. By depicting them at such a large scale and set against empty, dark backgrounds, Manet subverted expectations for paint-ing at the time, granting his figures a portrait-like, even heroic presence typically reserved for noble, historical, or religious subjects. Through his format and series title, the artist encouraged viewers to see these often-disregarded people as possessing rare insight.
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Édouard Manet (French, 1832–1883) — The Philosopher
James Abbott McNeill Whistler — ‘Arrangement in Yellow
Édouard Manet (French, 1832–1883) — The Tragic Actor
Mariano Fortuny, 1838–1874 — Master of ceremonies, a man sta
Edouard Manet — A Matador
Edouard Manet — Mademoiselle V. . . in the Costume of an Esp
Edouard Manet — Young Man in the Costume of a Majo
Jean Louis André Théodore Géricault — Head of a Guillotined
Mariano Fortuny, 1838–1874 — A Moroccan man seated on the gr
Mariano Fortuny, 1838–1874 — An Arabic man seated on the gro
Mariano Fortuny, 1838–1874 — An Arabic man seated on the gro
David Wilkie — Croatian Peasant