Not currently on view
In the collection of Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland · as of August 2026
FROM THE CLEVELAND MUSEUM OF ART’S CATALOG
Goltzius popularized a style of engraving with mesmerizing patterns of curving, tapering, and crisscrossing lines; it was especially appreciated in the late 1500s. Designed for his pupil Saenredam to engrave, these prints depict the three goddesses from the tale of The Judgment of Paris , in which each claimed the golden apple awarded to the most beautiful. Jupiter deferred judgment to Paris, a mortal esteemed for his fair-mindedness. Juno and Athena tried to bribe Paris with an empire and skill in war, but Venus made him an offer he could not resist: Helen, the world’s most beautiful woman. The peacock identifies Juno, queen of the gods and the jealous wife (and sister) of Jupiter. Clad in armor, Pallas Athena is the goddess of wisdom, the arts, and warfare; an owl is her sage companion. The presentation of the deities in separate prints suggests that viewers may also play Paris’s role and decide themselves which goddess the artists made most beautiful.
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René Boyvin|Luca Penni — Pallas Athena
Bartholomeus Spranger|Jan Muller — Minerva
Jost Amman — Judith, from Celebrated Women of the Old Testam
Raphael (Raffaello Sanzio or Santi)|Giulio Romano|Anonymous,
Raphael (Raffaello Sanzio or Santi)|Marcantonio Raimondi|Giu
Jan Muller (Dutch, 1571–1628) — Bellona Leading the Armies o
Cherubino Alberti (Zaccaria Mattia) — Judith with the Head o
Anonymous, Italian, 16th to early 17th century|Marcantonio R
Abraham Bosse|Pierre Mariette|Gilles Rousselet|Claude Vignon
Peter Paul Rubens (Flemish, 1577–1640) — Saint Catherine in 
Philips Galle — Ratio, from "Proposopographia"
Abraham Bosse|Pierre Mariette|Gilles Rousselet|Claude Vignon
